Bluish
discoloration of the skin is usually absent.
Atrial Septal Defect
(ASD)
Is an abnormal opening in the septum between the left atrium
and the right atrium so the oxygenated blood from the left
atrium (high pressure area) flows to the right atrium (low
pressure area) resulting in increased blood to the right ventricle
and right ventricular enlargement.
Ventricular Septal
Defect (VSD)
Is an abnormal opening in the septum between the right and
left ventricle. So oxygenated blood from the left ventricle
(High pressure) mixes with deoxygenated blood of right ventricle
(low pressure).
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Before birth, the Ductus Arteriosus joining the arch of the
aorta and the pulmonary artery allows blood to pass from the
pulmonary artery to the aorta. At birth, when the pulmonary
circulation is establishes, the Ductus Arteriosus should close
completely.
If it remains patent (unclosed) the blood regurgitates from
the aorta to the pulmonary artery. Hence, after birth oxygenated
blood from the higher-pressure area (aorta) flows to the lower
pressure area (pulmonary circuit) resulting in decreased blood
supply to the peripheral tissues and increased volume in the
lungs.This condition is called Patent Ductus Arteriosus.
Aortic Valvular
Stenosis
This is a condition of obstruction to the left ventricular
out flow to the aorta at the level of the aortic valve. This
leads to an increase in pressure in the left ventricle to
overcome the resistance of the obstructed valve. Myocardial
Ischemia may occur because of increased oxygen requirements
of enlarged left ventricular musculature leading to failure
of the left ventricle.
Pulmonic Stenosis
Refers to any lesion that obstructs the flow of blood from
right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.In this case right
ventricular pressure increases to maintain normal cardiac
out put which results in hypertrophy (enlargement) of the
right ventricle and its failure (Right sided Heart failure).
Coarctation of Aorta
Is a narrowing of aorta at any point usually distal to the
origin of Arch of Aorta. Narrowing of the aorta increases
left ventricular pressure and workload leading to failure
(Left Sided heart failure).
Mitral Valve Stenosis
A disorder that narrows or obstructs the Mitral opening, which
prevents adequate blood flow between the left atrium and ventricle
(left).Congenital Mitral stenosis alone is rare. It more commonly
occurs as a component of complex cardiac abnormalities. |
