Wockhardt Hospitals - Mumbai Hospital- Symptoms and Diagnosis- Glaucoma


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DISEASES AND DISORDERS

GLAUCOMA

Symptoms

Glaucoma is an insidious disease because it rarely causes symptoms. Detection and prevention are only possible with routine eye examinations. However, certain types, such as acute angle glaucoma, angle closure and congenital, do cause symptoms.

Sudden decrease of vision
Extreme eye pain
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Glare and light sensitivity
Congenital
Tearing
Light sensitivity
Enlargement of the cornea

Diagnosis

Because glaucoma does not cause symptoms in most cases, those who are 40 or older should have an annual examination including a measurement of the intraocular pressure. Those who are glaucoma suspects may need additional testing. The glaucoma evaluation has several components such as:

Grading of Optic Nerve to evaluate the damage of nerves
Measuring the Intraocular pressure
Visual field-test to evaluate vision loss
Gonioscopy to evaluate the anterior chamber and the eye's drainage system
Screening Test to evaluate vision changes that occur before problems appear on the visual field test

Treatment

Most patients with glaucoma require only medication to control the eye pressure.
Surgery is indicated only when medical treatment fails to lower the pressure. Treatment depends on the type of glaucoma and its severity, and the underlying medical conditions, age, and health of the patient. There are several types of procedures available with an objective to allow fluid to drain from the eye more efficiently. The most common treatments are:

Medications
These may be either in the form of eye drops or pills. Some drugs are designed to reduce pressure by slowing the flow of fluid into the eye. Others help to improve fluid drainage.

Laser Surgery
A strong beam of light is focused on the part of the anterior chamber where the fluid leaves the eye. This results in a series of small changes, which makes it easier for fluid to exit the eye.

Filtering Microsurgery
When medication and laser surgeries are unsuccessful, or if vision loss occurs very rapidly, the doctor may perform filtering microsurgery. The surgeon makes a tiny drainage hole in the sclera. The surgery will help fluid to flow through this opening and is reabsorbed into the bloodstream, and eye pressure is lowered.

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