| |
VASCULAR DISEASE
Peripheral Artery Disease
Arterial Occlusion - Symptoms
Decrease
pressure in the distal arteries, acute occlusion leads to pain,
pallor, coldness and sensation of numbness in the limb, staining
of the skin is the definite indication for loss of viability.
|
| |
Treatment
|
Anticoagulant Therapy
Surgical - Embolectomy |
| |
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans - Symptoms
|
Pain (intermittent
claudication) occurs in a muscle with an inadequate blood
supply that is stressed by exercise, which disappears within
minutes after stopping the exercise. In some instances pain
occurs even during rest when critical segment is involved.
Parasthesia and numbness also occurs.In advanced stages ulceration
and gangrene are common. |
| |
Treatment
|
Mild to moderate pain exercise training
programme is beneficial.
Weight reduction, analgesia and surgical treatment if required.
|
| |
Carotid Artery Disease - Symptoms
|
Transient ischemic attack may be the
early manifestation of carotid arterial stenosis, episodes usually
last for only a few minutes but may be continued up to 24 hours.
Dizziness & unsteadiness particularly when associated with
quick change of position are non-specific symptoms. |
| |
Treatment
|
| Surgical (end arterectomy), Stenting
of Artery |
| |
Aortic Aneurysm - Symptoms
|
Pain, and pressure
symptoms, constant boring pain because of pressure, intermittent
and neurological pain because of infringement on nerves, dyspnea
(pressure on the trachea), cough, hoarseness of voice (pressure
on the laryngeal nerve) dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing
because of pressure on the esophagus), edema etc. |
| |
Treatment
|
| Surgical correction of aneurysm. |
| |
| Thrombophlebitis |
Symptoms
|
| Dull ache, tight feeling frank pain
the calf if ulceration, superficial vein involved edema |
| |
Management
|
Anticoagulation and thromblytic therapy
Surgery if required |
| |
| Chronic Venous Stasis |
Symptoms
|
| Pressure in the vein near ankle much
greater than normal, chronic edema discoloration, pain ulceration,
and cellultis etc. |
| |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis |
Symptoms
|
Majority is asymptomatic.
Pain or cramp in the calf or thigh progress to pain and full
swelling of the entire leg, slight fever, chills sweating, marked
tenderness over surface of thigh, circulation to the distal
DVT may be compromised. May embolise to Pulmonary artery,sometimes
fatal. |
| |
Management
|
Hydration of the patient adequately
during post operative period, encouraging leg exercise, avoid
restricting devices such as tight straps, anticoagulant therapy,
elastic stocking application etc.
Filters in IVS to prevent pulmonary embolism. |
| |
| Varicose Veins |
Symptoms
|
| Primarily varicose veins are brought
to the attention of the patient first by cosmetic deformity,
and second by symptoms which develop by prolonged standing the
patient may complain of heaviness in the leg combined with fatigue
that becomes progressively worst towards the end of the day.
Elevation of the leg gives relief. |
| |
Management
|
| Initially by compression stockings
advanced cases required surgical ligation and stripping. |
| |
 |
